Twelve thousand indigenous people are at serious and urgent risk in Brazil due to the president’s delay in authorizing the boundaries of their homeland of Raposa-Serra do Sol. Authorities have completed the mapping and demarcation of their territories, but the area remains vulnerable until President Lula formally approves the process. A number of illegal invaders such as miners, cattle ranchers, and rice farmers have brought disease, alcohol, prostitution, and pollution to the indigenous territory, threatening the traditional way of life.